In general, civil lawsuits are “inquisitorial” rather than “adversarial.” In an inquisitorial process, judges play a major role in overseeing and shaping every part of the process. Civil law is a rules-based system, which means that judges do not refer to previous decisions to guide their decisions. In civil law countries, judges are often referred to as “investigators”. They usually take the lead in the proceedings by laying charges, establishing the facts through the examination of witnesses, and applying remedies that can be found in legal systems. Civil law is sometimes called Neo-Roman law, Romano-Germanic law or continental law. The term “civil law” is a translation of the Latin jus civile or “civil law”, which was the late imperial term for its legal system, as opposed to the laws on conquered peoples (jus gentium); hence the title of Corpus Juris Civilis of the Justinian Codex. However, civil lawyers traditionally refer to their system in the broadest sense as a common juice. Civil law is the most widely used legal system in the world, in force in various forms in about 150 countries. [6] It relies heavily on Roman law, arguably the most complicated legal system known before modern times. Civil law is a legal system that has its origins in continental Europe and has been adopted in large parts of the world. The civil law system is intellectualized within the framework of Roman law and with fundamental principles codified in a referenceable system that serves as the primary source of law. The civil law system is often compared to the common law system, which has its origins in medieval England, whose intellectual framework historically stemmed from the uncodified jurisprudence of judges and sets a precedent for earlier court decisions. [1] Louisiana`s private law is first and foremost a Napoleonic system.

Louisiana is the only U.S. state The state is based in part on French and Spanish codes and ultimately on Roman law, as opposed to English common law. [22] In Louisiana, private law has been codified in the Louisiana Civil Code. Current Louisiana law has moved considerably closer to U.S. law, including public law, the judicial system, and the adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code (with the exception of Section 2) and certain legal provisions of U.S. common law. [23] In fact, any innovation, whether private or public, is decidedly common law in its original nature. [Citation needed] Quebec law, whose private law is also of civil French origin, has evolved in the same direction, adapting in the same way as Louisiana to public law and the judicial system of Canadian common law. In contrast, private law in Quebec has developed primarily from civil sources. To a lesser extent, other states that were part of the Spanish Empire, such as Texas and California, also incorporated aspects of Spanish civil law into their legal systems, such as community property. Puerto Rico`s legal system is similar to Louisiana`s: a civil code whose interpretations are based on both the civil and common law systems.

Since the Civil Code of Puerto Rico is based on the Spanish Civil Code of 1889, the available jurisdiction has tended to be based on innovations in the common law due to the age of the Code and, in many cases, due to its outdated nature. In their technical and narrow sense, the words civil law describe the law that designates the persons, things and relationships that develop between them, to the exclusion not only of criminal law, but also of commercial law, labor law, etc. Codification took place in most civil law countries, with the French Civil Code and the German Civil Code being the most influential civil codes. As lawyers know, the legal systems of countries around the world generally fall into one of two main categories: common law systems and civil law systems. There are about 150 countries that have mainly civil law systems, while there are about 80 common law countries. Napoleonic to Germanic influence: The Italian Civil Code of 1942 replaced the original of 1865 and introduced Germanic elements due to the geopolitical alliances of the time. [20] This approach has been copied by other countries, including Portugal (1966), the Netherlands (1992), Brazil (2002) and Argentina (2014). Most of them have innovations introduced by Italian legislation, including the unification of the Civil and Commercial Code. [21] Hukuk söz konusu olduğunda civil`in bir anlamı, private ile eştir: Lawyers still represent the interests of their clients in civil proceedings, but have a less central role. However, as in common law systems, its functions often consist of advising clients on legal matters and preparing pleadings for submission to the court. But the importance of oral proceedings, court presentations and active advocacy in court is diminished compared to a common law system. In addition, non-procedural legal tasks, such as preparing wills and drafting contracts, may be left to quasi-lawyers who serve businesses and individuals and who may not have post-graduate legal training or are not allowed to practise in court.

2. Vatandaşların kendi aralarındaki ve devletle ilişkilerine ilişkin: government agencies dealing with civil matters. Some authors consider civil law as the basis of the socialist law used in communist countries, which from this point of view would essentially be civil law with the addition of Marxist-Leninist ideals. Even if this was the case, civil law was generally the legal system that existed before the rise of socialist law, and some Eastern European countries reverted to pre-socialist civil law after the fall of socialism, while others continued to use a socialist legal system.